CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTIONS
1.1 Background of The Study
Sometimes, English is difficult to
learn, but one of the ways is improve our english. It is by music. we can
convey our ideas in our mind and to develop our talent. There are advantages
that we can get when we are listening to music by practicing the song, as a
result we can get new vocabulary, get a pronounciations, and to be a good
translations, etc.
Music needs a liric to make the song more
interesting. A lyric can indeed convey states of mind immeditely. The lyric
line appears to have considerable gaps, there was a litle writing between the
end 17th century and the romantic, but the 18th century was the great age of
hymn-writing.
The English song is not difficult to
understand if the listeners know the basic ideas and the purpose of song lyric,
and most English popular songs use figurative language in their song.
Based on the fact above the writer used
literary analysis as the research of the study, especially the lyric of the
britney spears songs that contain some figurative language. Britney is known to
be new artist and become popular not for along time, so that everybody know
her.
In this study the writer studies the whole
kind of figurative language. The student of English department must take some
course that deal with literature; one should consider the form literature, one
of elements of literature is poetry. Poetry is the most compressed from
literature. It is composed of carefully chosen words expression great dept of
meaning, and uses specific devices such as connotation sound and rythm to
express the appropriate combination of meaning and emotion.
Poetry is short compared to prose and have
some components that are divided in to large group which are independent. It is
the structure from the form of poem. It is the content of poetry which can only
be perceived by searching ‘something behind’ a poem.
Actually each of figurative meanings makes
the English language a live, interesting and fun. A composer can imagine all
about their mind by writing a song.
1.2
Problem of the Study
The
problem statements of this research are focused of the figurative language that
use in the lyric of Britney Spears’ songs. This problem statement will be
specified as fiollows:
1. What
kind of figurative languages are used in the lyrics of Britney Spears’
songs?
2. What
does the meaning of each figurative language used in the lyricss of Britney
Spears songs?
3. How
often the figurative languages are appears in the lyrics of Britney Spears’
songs?
1.3 The Objective of the Study
Based on the
problems statement the objective the study is to get description about:
1. To
find out the types of figurative language in the lyrics of Britney Spears
songs?
2. To
find out the meaning of each figurative language used in the lyrics of Britney
Spears’ songs?
3. To
know how often the figurative language appear in the lyrics of Britney Spears
songs?
1.4 Significance of the Study
The meaning of
figurative language is not only for art liked by composer or poet. For instance
is in education.
For literature of poem,
it still consists of modern or old version poems. It has usage for them, which
are helping to understand some literature. The literature of figurative will be
learned by the researcher to get some information about figurative language
used in English popular song in figurative symbol.
For English students,
if they apply this study they will be understand the information about English
song to improve capability to devide between figurative language, symbol that
appear in English popular songs. The students tries to translate the figurative
language and then give the meaning.
For the Teacher will
get information about the used English popular songs as the media for teaching
English and also get information about inds of figurative language.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
There is clear delimitation in this thesis analyzed
and the writer will try to restrict in the scope of definition and explanation.
Figurative language will be discussed to used in the lyrics of Britney Spears
songs especially in the first in the first album. There are songs in the
Britney Spears’ first album: ‘baby one more time, sometimes, born to make you
happy, drive me crazy, email my heart, I will love you, thinking about you, I
will be there, From the bottom of my heart, The beat goes, Soda pop.
1.6 Definition of Key Therm
To avoid misunderstanding the word used will be
defined as follows:
1. Figurative
language is the system of sounds and words used by humans to express their
thoughts and feelings.
2. Lyric
is the word of song that is short poem written in the simple and direct style
and usually express personal emotion.
3. Song
is (a short poem) that formed by some line composition or other set of words
adapted for singing or intended to be song.
CHAPTER
II
REVIEW
ON RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
Poetry
Robert Forst, an
American well known poet (in Ching, 1980:140) says that poetry is the art of
saying one thing to meaning another. William Wordsworth (in Reubun, 2000:1)
defines poetry as ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, recollected
in tranquility’. So poetry is the most compressed form of literature. It is
composed of carefully chosen words expressing great dept of meaning. Poetry
uses specific devices such as connotation, sounds, and rythm to express the
appropriate combination of meaning and emotion.
Poetry describes some
story. It is having division and it will describe something. There are 6
divisions of poetry:
1. Epic
is narrative poetry occasionally. Often, it is consist a civilization, related
to some heroic figure or in action in which the pride of a nation.
2. Ballad.
It is form was spoken narrative, usually unwritten, capable of improvisation in
detail of incident and expression.
3. Narrative
Poetry. The Epic and ballad are far from exhausting the varieties of narrative
poetry. It is wide range can be illustrated by reference to such collection,
where many kinds exists side by side
4. Dramatic
poetry. It is poetry in which the poet speaks not in his own person but he
merging in the character that he has created out his imagination
5. Elegy.
The Elegy in English has no conventional form such as it had in classical
literature. In greek and latin all emotional or reflective poems written in
alternate dactylic hemameters and pentameters were called elegiac.
6. The
ode. Its from a greek root, meaning ‘to sing’ implies a relation with the
lyric, but the term still retains a sense of a poem written for special
occasion, or an invocation, which aims at a high elevation of thought and
feeling.
A poem should be read several times in order to hear
it and feels its emotions. The more times we read the poem, the more we can
analyze the understand subtle shades of meaning in a poem. These shades of
meaning are often conveyed through specific poetic devices, or part of the
poem.
There are part of poem:
a. Speaker
is the created narrative voice (the person the readers is supposed to imagine
is talking
b. Audience
is the person or the people to whom the speaker can address another character
character in the poem, the reader.
c. Subject
is the general or specific topic of the poem (what the poem about)
d. Tone
is the poet’s attitude toward the subject of the poem (this may be different
the speaker’s attitude). We can identify the tone of the poem by nothing the
author’s use of poetic devices such as diction, rhythm and syntax
e. Theme
is the statement the poem/plot makes about its subject. (theme for poetry has
slightly different meaning than theme for a work of fiction)
f. Diction
is the poet’s choice of words, the poet chooses each word carefully so that
both its meaning and sound contribute to the tone and feeling of the poem
g. Syntax
is the organization of words, phrases and clauses. Finding the right syntax for
a poem is like the finding right light before you take a photograph. If the order
of the words is ‘wrong’, the emotional, psychological, and spiritual impact of
the words will be lost.
h. Imaginary
is the words of phrases used specifically to help the reader to imagine each of
the sense: smell, touch, sight, hearing and taste. The type of imagery has a
specific name:
o
Olfactory is imagery stimulates the
sense of smell
o
Tactile is imagery stimulates the sense
of touch
o
Visual is imagery stimulates the sense
of touch
o
Auditory is imagery stimulates the sense
of hearing
o
Gustatory is imagery stimulates the
sense of taste
o
Kinesthesia is imagery stimulates the
sense of natural body (ex: a pulse, breating)
o
Synesthesia is imagery stimulates the
sense of one sense to evoke another (ex: loud color, warm gesture)
i.
Figurative of speech are the poetic devices
in which two images or objects are compared to makes the poem more interesting
ang meaningful.
There are figures of
speech:
1. Simile
is the comparison that uses the words like or as, or verb like seems or appears
to draw two objects or images into relationship. Example: your eyes as the sky,
you eat like a bird.
2. Methapor
is the functions the same way simile does, except that the comarison is more
implied and the words like or as are omitted. The verb to be is used. Example:
your cheeks are red cherries
3. Personification
is the type of metaphor that gives living qualities to inanimate object or
abstract ideas; or human qualities (feeling, thought) to animals. It gives
non-living things and animals the ability to think, feel emotions, or have
human relationships.
Example: the Moon smiles. Fires
rage
4. Synecdoche
is form of metaphor where one part stands for the whole, or the whole is
substituted for one part. In other words we speak of something by naming only a
part of it. Example: Robby got wheels this summer. Wheels=car
5. Alusion
is a refrence made to another literary work, historical event, work of art, or
a famous person’s quote that adds more depth to the poet’s/authors meaning. In
fact all poems retelling old stories are allusive. Example: a modern version of
casey and the bad would allude to the old ballad.
6. Simbolism.
When an author used an object or ideas to suggest more than its literal
meaning. A person, place, or event stands for something other than it, usually
something broader or deepeer than it is
7. Understatement
(litotes, meioses). Saying something with an overly light tone, the speaker’s
words convey less emotion than he actually feels. Examples: i’m really glad
that you have to visit’ said the spider to the fly
8. Paradox
is a statements that appears to be absurd, untrue, or contradictionary, but may
actually be true
9. Oxymoron
is a form of paradox where two contradictory terms are combined in one phrase.
Example: darkly lit, fearful joy
j.
Rhytm is the repetition of stress within
a poem
2.2
Lyrical Poem
The poem are mostly
that we might now call art song, or poems written to sing in plays and maques.
A lyric poem is produce of human mind so that we should be aware of the human
attitudes, responses, sentiments, ideas and judgments. The lyric poem seems to
express emotion in a sudden surge of unpremeditated melody. Poem are not
written by influences or movements or sources, but come from the living hearts
of men
2.3
A Short Biography and Career of Britney Spears
Britney Spears (born
december 2, 19981) in Mc Comb, missisipi, and raised a Southern baptist in
Kentwood, lousiana. Her parents, who are now divorced, are James Parnell Spears
(born 1963), a building contractor, and Lyne Iren Bridges (born 1956), a former
grade school teacher.
She is Grammy-winning
American pop singer-songwriter, dancer, occasioanl actress, author and
executive producer. Spears is the best known for her highl -published persional
life, studios album, music videos and pop songs, ‘baby one more time’.
Spears first came to
fame as a member of the new Mickey Mouse Club in the early 1990s, taking a
fieve-year break from entertainment after the show wrapped. She subsequently
emerged at the forefront of the pop music scene in late 1998, thanks to the
crafting of her craft-toping debut album by producer songwriter Max Martin. Her
second album, released the following year, was a similarly huge it.
Spears was
featured on the cover of Rolling Stone
magazine in April 1999. That summer, she kicked of her firstheadlining tour.
The baby one more time, by late 1994, Spears had become one of the year’s
biggest stars, a claim back up the mount of award nominations she received that
seasons. In December, she took home fourb Billboard Music Award including one for
female Artist of the year, and the next month on for Favorite pop/rock New
artist at the american Music Awards, held in february 2000, Spears received two
nominations, including one for Best New Artist
With Worldwide record
sales topping the 85 million mark. Britney Spears has become one of the most
recognizable celebrities.
CHAPTER
III
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
Research
design is based on logic and common sense. This research design in this
study is qualitative. According to
Slavin (1992:65) says “Qualitative research is intended to explore important
social phenomena by immersing the investigator in the situation for extended
periods.
Qualitative research, seek primarily to describe a situation as
it is, without formal testing or hypothesis, and and it makes litle or no use
of numbers but rather focuses on “thick description”.
3.2 Sources of Data and Data Collection
3.2.1
Sources of Data
The writer takes from album. There is one album that contains
their songs, but there is original Soundtrack album that includes one of their
single woman. Indonesia conducting the study, the writer uses the lyrics of
Britney Spears song album, available in their album, which have been in
indonesia until now. There are Britney Spears songs (first album)
1. Baby
on More Time
2. Sometimes
3. Born
to make you happy
4. Drive
me crazy
5. Email
my heart
6. I
will still love you
7. Thinking
about you
8. I
will be there
9. From
the bottom of my heart
10. The
beat goes
11. Soda
pop
3.2.2
data
Collection
In this study, the
writer used the documentation studies in obtaining the data. The data are the
lyrics of Britney Spears songs. The researcher collect the data from their
album and website (www.Britney.com).
The procedure is carried out based on the existing repetitions.
3.3
Data
Analysis
Analysis involves
working with data, organizing them, searching for patterns, discovering what is
important and what is to be learned, and deciding what you will tell the
others. After collecting the data and studying the theories book related to the
topic which are believe to be figurative language, then the writer analyzed the
data systematically as follows.
1. Identifying
the figurative language
e.g. I shouldn’t have let you go
And
now you’re out of sight, yeah
Show me how want it to be
Tell me baby cause I need to know
now, oh because
2. Classifying
the kinds if figurative language into interpeting Literature.
And
now you’re out of sight, yeah
The kind of figurative above
classified in Metonymy.
3. Finding
out the meaning of figurative language.
And
now you’re out of sight, yeah
It is has meaning is the boy left
the girl.
4. Counting
the number of the figurative language
5. Constructing
table of frequency of distribution.
6. Change
the result in to percentage.
7. Ranking
the frequency of distribution of symbols.
